Condition guide · Ostomy
Living with an ostomy: types, daily care, and adjusting
An ostomy is a surgically created opening — a stoma — that lets waste leave the body into a pouch when part of the bowel or bladder can't be used normally. It sounds daunting, but with the right supplies and routine, people live full, active lives with one.
Educational overview drawn from public health sources (e.g., NIH, United Ostomy Associations of America).Educational information, not medical advice — talk with your physician about what's right for you.
What is an ostomy?
Surgery brings the end of the bowel or a urinary passage to the surface of the abdomen, creating a stoma. Waste then leaves through the stoma into a pouch worn on the skin instead of the usual way.
Ostomies are created for many reasons — colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis), diverticulitis, or injury. Some are temporary; many are permanent.
The three main types
- Colostomy — an opening from the colon (large intestine); output is usually more formed.
- Ileostomy — an opening from the small intestine (ileum); output is more liquid and constant.
- Urostomy — a urinary diversion that drains urine when the bladder is removed or bypassed.
How an ostomy pouch works
A skin barrier (wafer) sticks to the skin around the stoma, and a pouch attaches to it to collect output. Depending on the type, you empty the pouch several times a day and change the whole system every few days — the schedule that keeps your skin healthy.
Adjusting to daily life
Most people return to work, exercise, travel, and the activities they enjoy. A certified ostomy nurse (WOC nurse) is an invaluable guide early on, and support communities help with the emotional side.
- Diet — most foods are fine; you learn which affect output and odor for you.
- Activity and travel — swimming, exercise, and travel are all possible with planning.
- Clothing — pouches are discreet under normal clothes.
Caring for your stoma and skin
Healthy skin around the stoma is the key to comfort. Use a well-fitted barrier, change it before it leaks, and watch for redness or irritation. Contact your provider or ostomy nurse if you notice skin breakdown, a change in stoma color, or a poor fit.
Need ostomy supplies delivered? Check your Medicare coverage.
Check your Medicare coverage in one step, or talk to an intake specialist — no cost or commitment to check.
Common questions
Are ostomy supplies covered by Medicare?+
Yes — Medicare Part B covers medically necessary ostomy supplies under the prosthetic device benefit for people with a colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy. See our coverage page for details, or check your eligibility below.
How often are ostomy supplies changed?+
It varies by ostomy type and product, but pouches are typically emptied several times a day and the full barrier-and-pouch system changed every few days. Medicare covers medically necessary quantities.
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